Incidence and risk factors of post dural puncture headache after spinal anesthesia in Tripoli Hospitals

Post Dural Puncture Headache (PDPH) remains a prominent clinical concern to the present day and common complication seen in the field of anesthesiology and pain medicine. Identification of such risk factors is a crucial step in the rational modification of anesthetic practice and evaluation of therapeutic interventions. This study was conducted to demonstrate the incidence and risk factors of PDPH in patients after spinal Anesthesia during three days' post operations at general hospital in Tripoli, Libya. In this study certain factors related to patient history, baseline clinical state or anesthetic technique might be associated with an increased risk for this side effect, so it was collected historical, physiologic, and technical data to determine their association with PDPH. Out of total of 100 patients distributed over 5 different hospitals admitted over a period (from November 2020 to April 2021) 27% of them have a PDPH, while 92.5% of cases with PDPH are females, that 55.6% of PDPH cases are between 20 and 25 years old, and this percentage getting smaller as patients get older, most of the operations were caesarean section, at a rate of 58%, followed by lower abdominal surgeries with 19% of cases, and orthopedic surgeries with 17% of cases, while the lowest percentage was for the Urologic surgeries. 55% of cases with PDPH are classified as (case I), and 44% of them are classified as (case II), 81.5% of PDPH cases used noncutting needles. In this study the PDPH remains the most problem in hospitalized patients after spinal Anesthesia at Tripoli hospitals can be caused by variety of risk factors, associated with ASA physical states, nonprofessional technique, the females are more common than males and the percentage increasing in early age group

Trans-nasal sphenopalatine ganglion block for post-dural puncture headache management: a meta-analysis of randomized trials

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of trans-nasal Sphenopalatine Ganglion (SPG) block over other treatments for Post-Dural Puncture Headache (PDPH) management. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted on databases for Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) comparing trans-nasal SPG blockade for the management of PDPH over other treatment modalities. All outcomes were pooled using the Mantel-Haenszel method and random effect model. Analyses of all outcomes were performed as a subgroup based on the type of control interventions (conservative, intranasal lignocaine puffs, sham, and Greater Occipital Nerve [GON] block). The quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. Results: After screening 1748 relevant articles, 9 RCTs comparing SPG block with other interventions (6 conservative treatments, 1 sham, 1 GON and 1 intranasal lidocaine puff) were included in this meta-analysis. SPG block demonstrated superiority over conservative treatment in pain reduction at 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h after interventions and treatment failures with "very low" to "moderate" quality of evidence. The SPG block failed to demonstrate superiority over conservative treatment in pain reduction beyond 6 h, need for rescue treatment, and adverse events. SPG block demonstrated superiority over intranasal lignocaine puff in pain reduction at 30 min, 1 h, 6 h, and 24 h after interventions. SPG block did not show superiority or equivalence in all efficacy and safety outcomes as compared to sham and GON block. Conclusion: Very Low to moderate quality evidence suggests the superiority of SPG block over conservative treatment and lignocaine puff for short-term pain relief from PDPH. PROSPERO Registration: CRD42021291707.

It's not always postdural puncture headache: a case report and note to the astute anesthesiologist

Abstract Dural puncture is either diagnosed by unexpectedly profound response to medication test dose or development of a postpartum postural headache. Epidural blood patch is the gold standard for treatment of PDPH when conservative management fails. However, postpartum headaches can be resistant to multiple epidural blood patches. In such cases, preexisting intracranial processes should be considered and ruled out. We report here the unique case of a pregnant patient who developed a resistant headache in the postpartum period related to an incidental intracranial aneurysm. Subsequent treatment with endovascular embolization adequately relieved her symptoms. Early surgical consultation and a multidisciplinary team approach involving neurology and neuroimaging is required for successful management of patients such as the one described here.

Early versus late sphenopalatine ganglion block with ropivacaine in postdural puncture headache: an observational study

Abstract Background Postdural puncture headache (PDPH) is a common complication of neuraxial techniques which delays patients' discharge. Sphenopalatine ganglion block (SPGB) is a safe bedside technique with comparable efficacy to Epidural Blood Patch, the gold-standard treatment. There is no evidence on the ideal timing for SPGB performance. We aimed to evaluate the difference between early versus late SPGB concerning efficacy, symptom recurrence and hospital length of stay. Methods We present an observational study with 41 patients diagnosed with PDPH who were submitted to SPGB with ropivacaine 0,75%. The study sample (n = 41) was divided in two groups: an early (less than 24 hours after diagnosis) and a late (more than 24 hours after diagnosis) SPGB group. Pain was evaluated 15 minutes after the block and follow up occurred daily until patients were discharged. Patients' demographic characteristics, neuraxial technique, timing of SPGB, qualitative pain relief and post-SPGB length of stay were registered and analyzed with SPSS statistics (v26) software. Results Early SPGB resulted in a significant reduction in length of stay (p = 0,009) and symptom recurrence (p = 0,036), showing equally effective pain relief, compared to late SPGB. Conclusions SPGB was equally effective in both groups. Data showed that early SPGB reduces length of hospital stay and symptom recurrence, which potentially allows early resumption of daily activities and a reduction in total health costs.

Epidural hydroxyethyl starch ameliorating postdural puncture headache after accidental dural puncture / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#No convincing modalities have been shown to completely prevent postdural puncture headache (PDPH) after accidental dural puncture (ADP) during obstetric epidural procedures. We aimed to evaluate the role of epidural administration of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) in preventing PDPH following ADP, regarding the prophylactic efficacy and side effects.@*METHODS@#Between January 2019 and February 2021, patients with a recognized ADP during epidural procedures for labor or cesarean delivery were retrospectively reviewed to evaluate the prophylactic strategies for the development of PDPH at a single tertiary hospital. The development of PDPH, severity and duration of headache, adverse events associated with prophylactic strategies, and hospital length of stay postpartum were reported.@*RESULTS@#A total of 105 patients experiencing ADP received a re-sited epidural catheter. For PDPH prophylaxis, 46 patients solely received epidural analgesia, 25 patients were administered epidural HES on epidural analgesia, and 34 patients received two doses of epidural HES on and after epidural analgesia, respectively. A significant difference was observed in the incidence of PDPH across the groups (epidural analgesia alone, 31 [67.4%]; HES-Epidural analgesia, ten [40.0%]; HES-Epidural analgesia-HES, five [14.7%]; P <0.001). No neurologic deficits, including paresthesias and motor deficits related to prophylactic strategies, were reported from at least 2 months to up to more than 2 years after delivery. An overall backache rate related to HES administration was 10%. The multivariable regression analysis revealed that the HES-Epidural analgesia-HES strategy was significantly associated with reduced risk of PDPH following ADP (OR = 0.030, 95% confidence interval: 0.006-0.143; P < 0.001).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The incorporated prophylactic strategy was associated with a great decrease in the risk of PDPH following obstetric ADP. This strategy consisted of re-siting an epidural catheter with continuous epidural analgesia and two doses of epidural HES, respectively, on and after epidural analgesia. The efficacy and safety profiles of this strategy have to be investigated further.

Rachianesthésie en ambulatoire au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Andrainjato Fianarantsoa, Madagascar: tolérance et efficacité / Ambulatory spinal anaesthesia at the Andrainjato University Hospital of Fianarantsoa, Madagascar: tolerance and effectiveness

La rachianesthésie ambulatoire est une des méthodes d'anesthésies loco- régionales de plus en plus utilisées car permet une réhabilitation précoce. L'objectif de l'étude est d'évaluer la tolérance et l'efficacité de la rachianesthésie réalisée en ambulatoire. Méthodes : Il s'agit d'une étude rétrospective, analytique réalisée au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Andrainjato Fianarantsoa pendant cinq ans (du mois de janvier 2016 au mois de décembre 2020). La tolérance de la rachianesthésie était évaluée par la fréquence et la gravité des incidents peropératoires et complications postopératoires. Son efficacité était estimée par le taux de sortie le jour de l'intervention et la ré-hospitalisation. Résultats : Soixante-quatre patients âgés de 44 [14-85] ans ont bénéficié d'une chirurgie viscérale, gynécologique, traumatologique ou vasculaire sous rachianesthésie. L'hypotension artérielle (n=04) et les nausées et vomissements peropératoires (n = 01) étaient les incidents retrouvés. Les complications postopératoires étaient la céphalée (n = 13), la douleur postopératoire d'intensité modérée à intense (n = 05) et les nausées et vomissements (n = 02). L'âge supérieur à 50 ans (p = 0,012) et une dose supérieure à 12 mg de bupivacaïne (p = 0,011) étaient corrélés à l'hypotension artérielle peropératoire. Le genre féminin (p = 0,004) et l'utilisation de la bupivacaïne hyperbare (p = 0,027) étaient associés aux complications postopératoires. Tous ces patients étaient sortis le jour même de l'intervention sans ré-hospitalisation. Conclusion : La rachianesthésie ambulatoire connaît actuellement un grand essor dans la pratique anesthésique. La prévention de certaines complications devrait être systématique afin d'optimiser sa tolérance et son efficacité

Deambulación precoz e incidencia de cefalea pospunción dural en paciente obstétrica propuesta para cesárea electiva / Early ambulation and incidence of postdural puncture headache in an obstetric patient proposed for elective cesarean section

Introducción: La cefalea pospunción dural es la complicación más habitual tras la anestesia neuroaxial, y es especialmente frecuente en obstetricia, un hallazgo común en el período posparto. Suele ser una complicación benigna y autolimitada, pero sin tratamiento puede conducir a otras complicaciones más graves. Objetivo: Describir la incidencia de cefalea pospunción dural en las pacientes obstétricas programadas para cesárea electiva con anestesia espinal y su relación con la deambulación precoz. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo en una serie de casos (50), todas las pacientes propuestas para cesárea electiva bajo el método anestésico espinal subaracnoideo con trocar calibre 25 en el período comprendido entre mayo a diciembre del 2018. Resultados: De un total de 50 pacientes estudiadas con edades entre 18 y 35 años de edad, al 96 por ciento se le realizó punción única de la duramadre, en todas se utilizó trócar 25, atraumático y ninguna presentó cefalea pospunción dural. Conclusiones: Se concluye que la incidencia de cefalea pospunción dural puede disminuir cuando se utilizan agujas espinales atraumáticas, de pequeño calibre; lo cual facilita también la deambulación temprana de la paciente(AU)

Introduction: Postdural puncture headache is the most common complication following neuraxial anesthesia, and is especially common in obstetrics, a common finding in the postpartum period. It is usually a benign and self-limited complication, but if not treated, it can lead to further serious complications. Objective: To describe the incidence of postdural puncture headache in obstetric patients scheduled for elective cesarean section with spinal anesthesia and its relationship with early ambulation. Methods: A descriptive observational study was carried out in a case series (50) of patients proposed for elective cesarean section under the subarachnoid spinal anesthesia method with 25-gauge trocar in the period from May to December 2018. Results: Out of a total of 50 patients aged 18-35 years who participated in the study, 96 percent underwent single dura mater puncture. In all cases, a 25-gauge trocar was used and none presented postdural puncture headache. Conclusions: The incidence of postdural puncture headache may be concluded to decrease when atraumatic spinal needles of small caliber are used, which also facilitates early ambulation of the patient(AU)

New approaches and therapeutic options for post-dural puncture headache treatment / Nuevos abordajes y alternativas terapéuticas en el tratamiento de la cefalea pospunción dural

Abstract Post-dural puncture headache is a frequent complication in neuraxial approaches. It may result in disability, healthcare dissatisfaction and potentially serious complications. The traditional initial management includes general and analgesia measures with poor evidence. The treatment approach best supported by the literature is the epidural blood patch for which rates of up 70% improvement have been reported. Regional techniques have been recently described that may be helpful because they are less invasive than the epidural blood patch, under certain clinical circumstances. This article suggests an algorithm that uses such techniques for the management of this complication.

Resumen La cefalea pospunción dural es una complicación frecuente del abordaje del neuroeje. Puede producir incapacidad, insatisfacción con la atención en salud y complicaciones potencialmente graves. Tradicionalmente su manejo inicial incluye medidas generales y de analgesia las cuales tienen baja evidencia. La medida para su tratamiento, con mejor soporte en la literatura, es la realización de parche hemático, el cual informa tazas de mejoría hasta del 70 %. Recientemente se han descrito técnicas regionales, que pueden resultar útiles por ser menos invasivas que el parche hemático, en ciertos contextos clínicos. En este artículo se propone un algoritmo que permite incorporar dichas técnicas al manejo de esta complicación.

Cefalea pospunción dural mantenida en el tiempo / Persistent posdural puncture headache

Introducción: La cefalea posterior a la punción de la duramadre es una complicación que se describió conjuntamente con la primera anestesia neuroaxial. Es un cuadro clínico complejo, que con la terapéutica adecuada mejora rápidamente, pero en ocasiones persiste a pesar de los esfuerzos realizados por el equipo médico encargado de tratarla. Objetivo: Describir la evolución clínica de un caso cefalea pospunción dural. Discusión: Se presenta un caso que después de realizarle a una anestesia subaracnoidea para una cirugía de Hallux Varus, sufre una cefalea pospunción dural que persistió por más de 18 días, a pesar de los tratamientos impuestos, tanto conservadores (terapia farmacológica, hidratación, reposo) como intervencionista (hemoparche peridural y colchón hídrico, con dextran 40), el cuadro desapareció por si solo pasado el tiempo expuesto anteriormente. Conclusiones: Se concluye que este cuadro clínico ocasionado por la punción de la duramadre es de resolución rápida con el tratamiento adecuado, pero existen casos en los que a pesar de la terapéutica indicada puede persistir por más tiempo(AU)

Introduction: Headache after dura mater puncture is a complication described together with the first neuraxial anesthesia. A complex clinical picture improves rapidly with adequate therapy, but sometimes persists despite the efforts made by the medical team in charge of treating it. Objective: To describe the clinical evolution of case of postdural puncture headache. Discussion: A case is presented of a patient who, following subarachnoid anesthesia for hallux varus surgery, suffered postdural puncture headache that persisted for more than eighteen days, despite the treatments used, both conservative (pharmacological therapy, hydration, rest) and interventionist (peridural hemopatch and water mattress, with dextran 40). The clinical picture disappeared by itself after the time previously discussed. Conclusions: It is concluded that this clinical picture caused by the dura mater puncture is of rapid resolution if treated appropriately, but there are cases in which, despite the indicated therapy, it may persist for a longer time(AU)

Self-applied sphenopalatine ganglion block for postdural puncture headache: four case reports / Bloqueio do gânglio esfenopalatino autoaplicado para cefaleia pós-punção dural: relato de quatro casos

Abstract Background and objectives The Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block (SGB) is an effective, low-risk treatment option for Postdural Puncture Headache (PDPH) refractory to conservative management. Case report This report presents four complex cases of patients with headache related to low cerebrospinal fluid pressure. Three of them were successfully treated with the application of local anesthetic topical drops through the nasal cavity. Conclusion The novel approach described in this report has minimal risks of discomfort or injury to the nasal mucosa. It is quick to apply and can be administered by the patient himself.

Resumo Justificativa e objetivos: O Bloqueio do Gânglio Esfenopalatino (BGEP) é opção de tratamento efetivo associado a baixo risco para Cefaleia Pós-Punção Dural (CPPD) refratária às medidas conservadoras. Relato de caso: Este relato apresenta quatro pacientes com alta complexidade que apresentaram cefaleia relacionada à baixa pressão do líquido cefaloraquidiano. Três pacientes foram tratados com sucesso pela instilação de gotas de anestésico local tópico na cavidade nasal. Conclusões: A nova abordagem descrita neste relato apresenta riscos mínimos de desconforto ou lesão à mucosa nasal. A aplicação é rápida e pode ser administrada pelo próprio paciente.

Post-dural puncture headache incidence after cerebrospinal fluid aspiration. A prospective observational study / Incidência de cefaleia pós-punção dural após aspiração do líquido cefalorraquidiano. Um estudo observacional prospectivo

Abstract Background: Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) is an iatrogenic condition following lumbar puncture (LP). Incidence is variable and often associated with young females. Technical features of the procedure (i.e. needle gauge) have been investigated; however there is no investigation on the method of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection. Objective: To investigate whether mild CSF aspiration is associated with increased PDPH in selected patients. Methods: 336 subjects were eligible to the study. Data on 237 patients from a tertiary neurology hospital who underwent diagnostic LP from February 2010 to December 2012 were analysed. Patient demographics, lumbar puncture method, CSF biochemical characteristics, opening pressures, and a follow-up inquire on PDPH occurrence were collected. CSF was collected either by allowing free flow or by mild aspiration. Results: The aspiration arm (n=163) was comprised of 55.8% females with mean age of 52(35‒69) years. Sex distribution was not different between the two arms (p=0.191). A significant larger amount of CSF was obtained in the aspiration arm (p=0.011). The incidence of PDPH in the aspiration arm was 16.5% versus 20.2% in the free flow arm, not statistically significant (p=0.489). No relevant associations emerged from the analyses in the subgroup aged <65 years. Conclusions: Aspiration of the CSF during LP was not associated with increased rates of PDPH compared to the standard method, particularly when larger amounts of CSF are required and ideal conditions are met. This is the first study looking into this matter, aiming to add safety to the procedure. Further randomized trials are required.

Resumo Introdução: Cefaleia pós-punção dural (CPPD) é uma condição iatrogênica após punção lombar (LP). Incidência é variável; frequentemente associada a mulheres jovens. Características técnicas do procedimento (ex: calibre da agulha) foram investigadas; no entanto, não há investigação sobre o método de coleta do líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR). Objetivo: Avaliar se aspiração leve do LCR está associada ao aumento da CPPD em pacientes selecionados. Métodos: 336 indivíduos foram elegíveis para o estudo. Dados de 237 pacientes em um hospital neurológico terciário que foram submetidos à PL diagnóstica de fevereiro de 2010 a dezembro de 2012 foram analisados. Coletamos dados demográficos dos pacientes, método da PL, características bioquímicas do LCR, pressões de abertura e ocorrência da CPPD. Todos as PLs ocorreram em decúbito lateral. O LCR foi coletado permitindo livre fluxo ou aspiração leve. Resultados: O grupo aspiração (n=163) apresentava 55,8% de mulheres, idade média de 52(35‒69) anos. A distribuição por sexo não foi diferente entre os dois grupos (p=0,191). Uma quantidade maior de LCR foi obtida no grupo aspiração (p=0,011). A incidência de CPPD no grupo de aspiração foi de 16,5% versus 20,2% no fluxo livre, não estatisticamente significante (p=0,489). Nenhuma associação emergiu das análises no subgrupo com idades <65 anos. Conclusões: A aspiração do LCR durante PL não está associada ao aumento da CPPD em comparação com a método padrão, particularmente quando quantidades maiores de LCR são necessárias e condições ideais são satisfeitas. Este é o primeiro estudo a investigar o topico, visando aumentar a segurança do procedimento. Necessita-se futuros estudos randomizados.

Cefalea postpunción dural con aguja espinal de bisel cortante aguja espinal de punta cónica: revisión sistemática / Postdural puncture headache with cutting spinal needle pencil point spinal needle: systematic review

INTRODUCTION: Postdural puncture headache is one of the most frequent complications that occurs after the puncture of the dura mater, resulting in the spinal fluid leakage, through the same and subsequent traction of brain structures. OBJECTIVE: To compare cutting spinal needle and pencil point spinal needle in the incidence of postural dural puncture headache. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature search of scientific articles published since 2006 was carried out in the Pubmed, Science Direct, Clinical Key and EBSCO databases, which evaluates the incidence of postdural puncture headache in spinal needles with conical tip and cutting bevel, additionally, experts will be consulted in the area that should suggest literature related to this topic, which would not have been included in the search methods previously described. RESULTS: In total, 14 studies were selected in the population that suffered puncture of the dura mater after accidental, therapeutic or diagnostic lumbar puncture (LP) and the presentation of postdural puncture headache was measured according to the ICHD-3 beta criteria. It was found that there is a decrease in the incidence of postdural puncture headache with conical tip spinal needles, compared to spinal needles of cutting bevel. CONCLUSIONS: Current evidence indicates that postdural puncture headache occurs less frequently, with low intensity and short duration in patients operated with a conical spinal needle, compared to the cutting bevel. In addition, according to the recently described pathophysiology, it is contradictory that conical spinal needles are called "atraumatic", so this review proposes a change in nomenclature that is most useful for the clinical anesthesiologist.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La cefalea postpunción dural es una de las complicaciones más frecuentes que se presenta posterior a la punción de la duramadre, lo cual produce salida de líquido cefalorraquídeo, a través de la misma y posterior tracción de las estructuras cerebrales. OBJETIVO: Comparar la aguja espinal de bisel cortante y la aguja espinal de punta cónica en la incidencia de presentación de cefalea postpunción dural. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica de artículos científicos publicados desde el año 2006, en las bases de datos Pubmed, Science Direct, Clinical Key y EBSCO, que evaluaran la incidencia de cefalea postpunción dural en agujas espinales de punta cónica y bisel cortante, adicionalmente se consultó con expertos en el área que pudieran sugerir literatura relacionada con este tema, la cual no hubiese sido incluida en los métodos de búsqueda previamente descritos. RESULTADOS: En total se seleccionaron 14 estudios realizados en población que sufrieron punción de la duramadre luego de punción lumbar (PL) accidental, terapéutica o diagnóstica y se midió la presentación de cefalea postpunción dural según los criterios ICHD-3 beta. Se encontró que hay una disminución de la incidencia de cefalea postpunción dural con las agujas espinales de punta cónica, en comparación con las agujas espinales de bisel cortante. CONCLUSIONES: La evidencia actual indica que la cefalea postpunción dural se presenta con menor frecuencia, baja intensidad y corta duración en pacientes intervenidos con aguja espinal de punta cónica, en comparación con la aguja espinal de bisel cortante. Adicionalmente, según la fisiopatologia recientemente descrita, es contradictorio que las agujas espinales de punta cónica sean llamada "atraumáticas", por lo que esta revisión propone un cambio en la nomenclatura que resulta de mayor utilidad para el anestesiólogo clínico.

Bloqueo del ganglio esfenopalatino, una opción para el tratamiento de la cefalea postpunción dural / Sphenopalatine ganglion block, an option for treatment of post dural puncture headache

Post-dural puncture headache is a complication of neuroaxial anesthesia. The initial approach consists of supportive treatment. In case of therapeutic failure, the epidural blood patch (PSE) is the treatment of choice. The case of a sphenopalatine ganglion block is presented for its management with good results.

La cefalea postpunción dural es una complicación de la anestesia neuroaxial. El abordaje inicial consiste en tratamiento de soporte. En caso de falla terapéutica, el parche sanguíneo epidural (PSE) es el tratamiento de elección. Se presenta el caso de un bloqueo de ganglio esfenopalatino para su manejo con buenos resultados.

Neurological Symptoms of Intracranial Hypotension

Intracranial hypotension usually arises in the context of known or suspected leak of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This leakage leads to a fall in intracranial CSF pressure and CSF volume. The most common clinical manifestation of intracranial hypotension is orthostatic headache. Post-dural puncture headache and CSF fistula headache are classified along with headache attributed to spontaneous intracranial hypotension as headache attributed to low CSF pressure by the International Classification of Headache Disorders. Headache attributed to low CSF pressure is usually but not always orthostatic. The orthostatic features at its onset can become less prominent over time. Other manifestations of intracranial hypotension are nausea, spine pain, neck stiffness, photophobia, hearing abnormalities, tinnitus, dizziness, gait unsteadiness, cognitive and mental status changes, movement disorders and upper extremity radicular symptoms. There are two presumed pathophysiologic mechanisms behind the development of various manifestations of intracranial hypotension. Firstly, CSF loss leads to downward shift of the brain causing traction on the anchoring and supporting structures of the brain. Secondly, CSF loss results in compensatory meningeal venodilation. Headaches presenting acutely after an intervention or trauma that is known to cause CSF leakage are easy to diagnose. However, a high degree of suspicion is required to make the diagnosis of spontaneous intracranial hypotension and understanding various neurological symptoms of intracranial hypotension may help clinicians.

Ropivacaine use in transnasal sphenopalatine ganglion block for post dural puncture headache in obstetric patients - case series / Uso de ropivacaína em bloqueio do gânglio esfenopalatino via transnasal para cefaleia pós-punção dural em pacientes obstétricas - série de casos

Abstract Purpose Sphenopalatine ganglion block is widely accepted in chronic pain; however it has been underestimated in post dural puncture headache treatment. The ganglion block does not restore normal cerebrospinal fluid dynamics but effectively reduces symptoms associated with resultant hypotension. When correctly applied it may avoid performance of epidural blood patch. The transnasal approach is a simple and minimally invasive technique. In the cases presented, we attempted to perform and report the ganglion block effectiveness and duration, using ropivacaine. Clinical features We present four obstetrics patients with post dural puncture headache, after epidural or combined techniques, with Tuohy needle 18G that underwent a safe and successful sphenopalatine ganglion block. We performed the block 24-48 h after dural puncture, with 4 mL of ropivacaine 0.75% in each nostril. In three cases pain recurred within 12-48 h, although less intense. In one patient a second block was performed with complete relief and without further recurrence. In the other two patients a blood patch was performed without success. All patients were asymptomatic within 7 days. Conclusion The average duration of analgesic effect of the block remains poorly defined. In the cases reported, blocking with ropivacaine was a simple, safe and effective technique, with immediate and sustained pain relief for at least 12-24 h.

Resumo Justificativa e objetivo O bloqueio do gânglio esfenopalatino é amplamente aceito em dor crônica; porém, esse bloqueio tem sido subestimado no tratamento de cefaleia pós-punção dural. O bloqueio do gânglio não restaura a dinâmica normal do líquido cefalorraquidiano, mas reduz de modo eficaz os sintomas associados à hipotensão resultante. Quando aplicado corretamente, pode evitar a realização de tampão sanguíneo epidural. A abordagem transnasal é uma técnica simples e minimamente invasiva. Nos casos apresentados, tentamos realizar o bloqueio do gânglio e relatar sua eficácia e duração usando ropivacaína. Características clínicas Apresentamos quatro pacientes de obstetrícia com cefaleia pós-punção dural, após técnica epidural ou técnicas combinadas, com agulha Tuohy (18 G), que foram submetidas ao bloqueio do gânglio esfenopalatino de forma segura e bem-sucedida. Realizamos o bloqueio após 24 a 48 horas da punção dural, com 4 mL de ropivacaína a 0,75% em cada narina. Em três casos, a dor voltou em 1-48 horas, embora menos intensa. Em uma paciente, um segundo bloqueio foi realizado com alívio completo e sem recorrência. Nas outras duas pacientes, um tampão sanguíneo foi feito sem sucesso. Todas as pacientes estavam assintomáticas dentro de sete dias. Conclusão A duração média do efeito analgésico do bloqueio continua mal definida. Nos casos relatados, o bloqueio com ropivacaína foi uma técnica simples, segura e eficaz, com alívio imediato e prolongado da dor durante pelo menos 12-24 horas.

Dural sinus thrombosis following epidural analgesia for delivery: a clinical case / Trombose de seios durais após analgesia peridural para parto: caso clínico

Abstract Background and objectives: Neurological complications of spinal anesthesia are rare conditions. Headache caused by low pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid is one of the most frequent, which occurs after post-dural puncture. A comprehensive history and physical exam must be carried out before making the diagnosis of Post-Dural Puncture Headache (PDPH) and additional tests are necessary to exclude the possibility of developing serious neurological complications such as Dural Sinus Thrombosis (DST). According to the Case Report a differential diagnosis between Dural Sinus Thrombosis with PDPH is discussed. Case report: A 22 year-old lady, ASA Physical Status Class I was admitted at 39 weeks of gestation for delivery. For labor pain relief she requested epidural for analgesia, but unfortunately accidental dural puncture occurred. She developed an occipital headache and neck pain in the second day postpartum which was relieved by both lying down and supporting treatment such as rehydration, analgesics and caffeine. On day third postpartum she was discharged without complaints. On day fifth postpartum the pain returned and became more intense and less responsive to oral analgesics. She was admitted to the hospital to do a complete neurological and image investigation that showed a lesion consistent with the diagnosis of cortical vein thrombosis and Dural Sinus Thrombosis (DST). She was treated with oral anticoagulants. After two days, a repeated magnetic resonance image (MRI) showed partial canalization of the central sinus thrombus. The patient was discharged from hospital five days after her admission without any of the initial symptoms. Conclusion: The report describes a patient who developed severe headache following continuous epidural analgesia for delivery. Initially it was diagnosed as PDPH, however with the aid of MRI the diagnosis of DST was later established and treated. DST is a rare condition and is often underdiagnosed. Because of its potentially lethal complications, it should always be considered in acute headache differential diagnosis.

Resumo Justificativa e objetivos: As complicações neurológicas da raquianestesia são condições raras. A cefaleia causada pela baixa pressão do fluido cerebrospinal é uma das mais frequentes e ocorre após a punção dural. Anamnese completa e exame físico geral devem ser feitos antes de fazer o diagnóstico de cefaleia pós-punção dural (CPPD) e testes adicionais são necessários para excluir a possibilidade de complicações neurológicas graves, como trombose de seios durais (TSD). De acordo com o relato do caso, discutiremos o diagnóstico diferencial entre TSD e CPPD. Relato de caso: Paciente de 22 anos, estado físico ASA I, foi admitida com 39 semanas de gestação para o parto. Para alívio da dor do trabalho de parto, a paciente solicitou analgesia peridural, mas infelizmente ocorreu uma punção dural acidental. A paciente desenvolveu cefaleia occipital e dor cervical no segundo dia pós-parto - ambas aliviadas com repouso e terapia de suporte, como reidratação, analgésicos e cafeína. No terceiro dia pós-parto, a paciente recebeu alta sem queixas. No quinto dia pós-parto, a dor retornou e ficou mais intensa e com pouca resposta aos analgésicos orais. Ela foi admitida no hospital para uma completa investigação neurológica e de imagem que mostrou uma lesão compatível com o diagnóstico de trombose venosa cortical e TSD. A paciente foi tratada com anticoagulantes orais. Após dois dias, a repetição de ressonância nuclear magnética (RM) mostrou canalização parcial de trombo do seio central. A paciente recebeu alta hospitalar cinco dias após a admissão, sem quaisquer dos sintomas iniciais. Conclusão: O caso descreve uma paciente que desenvolveu cefaleia grave após epidural contínua para o parto. Inicialmente ela foi diagnosticada como CPPD, contudo com o auxílio da RNM foi estabelecido o diagnóstico tardio de TSD. TSD é uma condição rara e frequentemente subdiagnosticada. Ela deve sempre ser considerada como diagnóstico diferencial de cefaleia aguda em decorrência de suas complicações potencialmente letais.

Postdural Puncture Headache after Cervical Medial Branch Block

Cervical medial branch block (MBB) is a frequently performed procedure for management of neck pain that rarely has complications. With fluoroscopic guidance, the procedure is considered a relatively safer procedure than epidural block. We report a case of a 27-year-old woman presenting with postural headache after cervical MBB. Dural penetration by inappropriate needle placement was suspected after reviewing fluoroscopic images of the procedure. After conservative treatment, including bed rest and analgesic treatment, the patient completely recovered without any neurological complications. Complications associated with MBB are rare and previous case reports have focused only on infection or vascular injection as etiologies. This is the first report of complications related to dural puncture after cervical MBB. Our findings suggest that misplacement of the block needle by inaccurate alignment of both sides of the cervical articular pillar, assessed by fluoroscopic view during the procedure, can result in dural injury.

Bilateral transnasal sphenopalatine block for treating postdural puncture headache / 대한마취과학회지

No abstract available.

Post-dural puncture headache following acupotomy using “Wonli-acupuncture needle”: A case report

Acupuncture is a popular technique used worldwide, particularly for clinical pain management. Diverse methods of acupuncture with several types of needle have recently been introduced; however, medical evidence of the treatment and safety of many of these techniques has not been established. In addition, severe, life-threatening acupuncture-related complications have been reported even though the treatment is considered to be safe. We report a case of a post-dural puncture headache that occurred following acupuncture for the treatment of lower back pain, with a literature review. Pain physicians should consider that acupuncture can cause far more serious side effects than those previously known.